The main difference between a front squat and a back squat is the way the bar is supported by the athlete. The front squat requires the bar to be supported in front of the body, whereas in the back squat, the weight is supported behind the body. Such a subtle difference creates a big variation in how each exercise is coached, how you move under the load and which muscles are recruited.
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Institute of Nutrition and Fitness Sciences - What's the Difference?: INFS Faculty Nachiketh Shetty explains the difference between Front squat vs Back squat. Front squat - Higher EMG activity in the vastus