Various types of energy conversion and storage devices have been developed in recent years to tackle with the problems of the over-consumption of fossil fuels and the environmental pollution they cause. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the key half-cell reaction of many energy conversion and storage devices. The influences of the heteroatom doping of metal-free carbon-based electrocatalysts with N, P, S or B and co-doping with N/P or N/S on their performance as OER electrocatalysts are reviewed. Doping methods to prepare metal-free carbon-based electrocatalysts are summarized, and problems that need to be solved are discussed and challenges for future research are proposed.
The influence of heteroatom doping on the performance of carbon-based electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reactions
a) Raman spectrum of the as-produced N-doped GNSs. (b) XRD pattern of
The survey (a) and main peaks of C1s (b) high‐resolution XPS spectra of
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Recent research progresses in sustainable carbon-based electrocatalysts of oxygen reduction reaction
