Colombia The Panamanians won independence from Colombia (after being aided by Theodore Roosevelt). FOR THE RECORD: the map above is of "Gran Colombia", Colombia just retained Panama after the split.
Timeline of American Imperialism
The independence of the Isthmus of Panama.
Panama History
Separation of Panama from Colombia - Wikipedia
History - Panama - problem, growth, area, annual, economic growth, future, power
The Mexican War of Independence: How Mexico Freed Itself from Spain
Drought Saps the Panama Canal, Disrupting Global Trade - The New York Times
Independence, Panama and the Greater Caribbean: Fear and Society (1791-1821)
Separation of Panama from Colombia - Wikipedia
When Chile's Indigenous Made the Spanish Back Down
Panama: How a country of chaos became a bridge across the Americas
Panama History
